Genesis 34:7

Gen 34:7 [Samaritan Pentateuch]

ובני יעקב באו מן השדה כשמעם ויתעצבו האנשים ויחר להם מאד כי נבלה עשה בישראל לשכב את בת יעקב וכן לא יעשה:—

Gen 34:7 [Masoretic Text]

וּבְנֵ֨י יַעֲקֹ֜ב בָּ֤אוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ כְּשָׁמְעָ֔ם וַיִּֽתְעַצְּבוּ֙ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹ֑ד כִּֽי־נְבָלָ֞ה עָשָׂ֣ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃

And the sons of Yaʿaqov came from the field when they heard, and the men were grieved, and it burned greatly to them, because a disgrace had been committed in Yisraʾel by lying with the daughter of Yaʿaqov, and such a thing is not to be done.

Morphology

1. וּבְנֵי (u-vnē) — Root: בן; Form: Conjunction + construct plural noun, masculine; Translation: “And the sons of”; Notes: Introduces the subject group, Yaʿaqov’s sons.
2. יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿaqov) — Root: יעקב; Form: Proper noun, masculine singular; Translation: “Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Patriarch of the sons mentioned.
3. בָּאוּ (bāʾū) — Root: בוא; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person common plural; Translation: “came”; Notes: Denotes completed action of arrival.
4. מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה (min-haśādeh) — Root: שדה; Form: Preposition מִן + definite noun, masculine singular; Translation: “from the field”; Notes: Locative source of their return.
5. כְּשָׁמְעָם (ke-shomʿām) — Root: שמע; Form: Preposition כְּ + infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “when they heard”; Notes: Temporal clause explaining their return.
6. וַיִּתְעַצְּבוּ (va-yitʿatstsevū) — Root: עצב; Form: Hitpael wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine plural; Translation: “and they were grieved”; Notes: Reflexive nuance: they felt deep emotional pain.
7. הָאֲנָשִׁים (ha-ʾanāshīm) — Root: אנשׁ; Form: Definite noun masculine plural; Translation: “the men”; Notes: Refers specifically to Yaʿaqov’s sons.
8. וַיִּחַר (va-yīḥar) — Root: חרה; Form: Qal wayyiqtol 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “and it burned”; Notes: Idiom for intense anger.
9. לָהֶם (lāhem) — Root: הם; Form: Preposition ל + third person masculine plural suffix; Translation: “to them”; Notes: Marks the experiencers of anger.
10. מְאֹד (meʾōd) — Root: מאד; Form: Adverb; Translation: “greatly”; Notes: Intensifies the preceding verb of anger.
11. כִּי (ki) — Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction; Translation: “because”; Notes: Introduces the causal clause.
12. נְבָלָה (nevālāh) — Root: נבל; Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “a disgrace”; Notes: Refers to a shameful, abominable act.
13. עָשָׂה (ʿāsāh) — Root: עשה; Form: Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “had been committed” / “he did”; Notes: Refers to Shekhem’s action.
14. בְיִשְׂרָאֵל (be-Yisraʾel) — Root: ישראל; Form: Preposition ב + proper noun; Translation: “in Yisraʾel”; Notes: Denotes the national or covenant community violated by the act.
15. לִשְׁכַּב (lishkav) — Root: שכב; Form: Qal infinitive construct with preposition ל; Translation: “by lying”; Notes: Explains the nature of the disgrace.
16. אֶת־בַּת־יַעֲקֹב (ʾet-bat-Yaʿaqov) — Root: בת; Form: Direct object marker + construct noun “daughter of” + proper noun; Translation: “the daughter of Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Identifies Dinah explicitly.
17. וְכֵן (ve-khēn) — Root: Particle; Form: Conjunction + adverb; Translation: “and such”; Notes: Introduces a generalizing statement.
18. לֹא (loʾ) — Root: Negative particle; Form: Particle of negation; Translation: “not”; Notes: Denies permissibility.
19. יֵעָשֶׂה (yeʿāsēh) — Root: עשה; Form: Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular; Translation: “it is to be done”; Notes: Niphal denotes passive sense — “is not done” or “must not be done.”