Genesis 1:2

ࠅࠄࠀࠓࠑ ࠄࠉࠕࠄ ࠕࠄࠅ ࠅࠁࠄࠅ ࠅࠇࠔࠊ ࠏࠋ ࠐࠍࠉ ࠕࠄࠅࠌ ࠅࠓࠅࠇ ࠀࠋࠄࠉࠌ ࠌࠓࠇࠐࠕ ࠏࠋ ࠐࠍࠉ ࠄࠌࠉࠌ

Gen. 1:2 [Samaritan Pentateuch]

והארץ היתה תהו ובהו וחשך על פני תהום ורוח אלהים מרחפת על פני המים׃

Gen. 1:2 [Masoretic Text]

וְהָאָרֶץ הָיְתָה תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ וְחֹשֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵי תְהֹום וְרוּחַ אֱלֹהִים מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּֽיִם׃

Gen. 1:2 [Samaritan Targum]

וארעה הות שאמה וריקנה וחשכה על אפי תהומה וריח אלהה מנשבה על אפי מיה:

And the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the face of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.

Morphology

1. וְהָאָ֗רֶץ (vehaʾarets) – Root: ארץ (ʾ-r-ts); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular absolute with definite article; Translation: “And the earth”; Notes: Refers to the planet or the land.
2. הָיְתָ֥ה (hayetah) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3fs; Translation: “Was”; Notes: Indicates the state of being.
3. תֹ֨הוּ֙ (tohu) – Root: תהו (t-h-w); Form: Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “Formless”; Notes: Describes a chaotic or unformed state.
4. וָבֹ֔הוּ (vavohu) – Root: בהו (b-h-w); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And void”; Notes: Complements “formless” to emphasize desolation.
5. וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ (vechoshekh) – Root: חשך (ḥ-sh-k); Form: Conjunction + Noun, masculine singular absolute; Translation: “And darkness”; Notes: Refers to the absence of light.
6. עַל־פְּנֵ֣י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Over the face of”; Notes: Describes the surface or presence.
7. תְהֹ֑ום (tehom) – Root: תהם (t-h-m); Form: Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “The deep”; Notes: Refers to the primordial abyss or waters.
8. וְר֣וּחַ (veruach) – Root: רוח (r-w-ḥ); Form: Conjunction + Noun, feminine singular absolute; Translation: “And the Spirit”; Notes: Can denote wind, breath, or spirit.
9. אֱלֹהִ֔ים (Elohim) – Root: אלה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural in form but singular in meaning; Translation: “Elohim”; Notes: Refers to the divine creator.
10. מְרַחֶ֖פֶת (merachefet) – Root: רחף (r-ḥ-p); Form: Verb, Piel, Participle, feminine singular; Translation: “Hovering”; Notes: Describes a gentle, sustained motion.
11. עַל־פְּנֵ֥י (ʿal-penei) – Root: פנה (p-n-h); Form: Preposition + Noun, masculine plural construct; Translation: “Over the face of”; Notes: Same construction as earlier.
12. הַמָּֽיִם׃ (hamayim) – Root: מים (m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural absolute with definite article; Translation: “The waters”; Notes: Refers to the primordial waters.