ࠁࠆࠏࠕ ࠀࠐࠉࠊ ࠕࠀࠊࠋ ࠋࠇࠌ ࠏࠃ ࠔࠅࠁࠊ ࠀࠋ ࠄࠀࠃࠌࠄ ࠊࠉ ࠌࠌࠍࠄ ࠋࠒࠇࠕ ࠊࠉ ࠏࠐࠓ ࠀࠕࠄ ࠅࠀࠋ ࠏࠐࠓࠊ ࠕࠔࠅࠁ
Gen 3:19 [Samaritan]
בזעת אפיך תאכל לחם עד שובך אל האדמה כי ממנה לקחת כי עפר אתה ואל עפרך תשוב׃
Gen 3:19 [Masoretic]
בְּזֵעַ֤ת אַפֶּ֨יךָ֙ תֹּ֣אכַל לֶ֔חֶם עַ֤ד שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה כִּ֥י מִמֶּ֖נָּה לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר אַ֔תָּה וְאֶל־עָפָ֖ר תָּשֽׁוּב׃
Gen 3:19 [Samaritan Targum]
בלעוש אפיך תיכל מזון עד עפסותך לות אדמתה הלא מנה אתנסבת הלא עפר את וליד עפרך תעזר:
By the sweat of your face, you shall eat bread until you return to the ground, for from it you were taken; for you are dust, and to dust you shall return.
| Number | Hebrew | Samaritan | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | בזעת | ࠁࠆࠏࠕ | By the sweat |
| 2 | אפיך | ࠀࠐࠉࠊ | Of your face |
| 3 | תאכל | ࠕࠀࠊࠋ | You shall eat |
| 4 | לחם | ࠋࠇࠌ | Bread |
| 5 | עד | ࠏࠃ | Until |
| 6 | שובך | ࠔࠅࠁࠊ | You return |
| 7 | אל | ࠀࠋ | To |
| 8 | האדמה | ࠄࠀࠃࠌࠄ | The ground |
| 9 | כי | ࠊࠉ | For |
| 10 | ממנה | ࠌࠌࠍࠄ | From it |
| 11 | לקחת | ࠋࠒࠇࠕ | You were taken |
| 12 | כי | ࠊࠉ | For |
| 13 | עפר | ࠏࠐࠓ | Dust |
| 14 | אתה | ࠀࠕࠄ | You are |
| 15 | ואל | ࠅࠀࠋ | And to |
| 16 | עפרך | ࠏࠐࠓࠊ | Your dust |
| 17 | תשוב | ࠕࠔࠅࠁ | You shall return |
Morphology
- בְּזֵעַ֤ת (bĕzēʿaṯ) – Root: זיע (z-ʿ-y); Form: Preposition בְּ + noun, singular feminine construct; Translation: “by the sweat”; Notes: Indicates the means of obtaining sustenance.
- אַפֶּ֨יךָ֙ (ʾappekha) – Root: אף (ʾ-p̄); Form: Noun, dual construct + second masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “of your face”; Notes: Emphasizes the personal effort involved.
- תֹּ֣אכַל (tōʾḵal) – Root: אכל (ʾ-k-l); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you shall eat”; Notes: Indicates continuous action.
- לֶ֔חֶם (leḥem) – Root: לחם (l-ḥ-m); Form: Noun, singular masculine; Translation: “bread”; Notes: Represents basic sustenance.
- עַ֤ד (ʿaḏ) – Root: עד (ʿ-d); Form: Preposition; Translation: “until”; Notes: Marks the duration of the action.
- שֽׁוּבְךָ֙ (šūḇkha) – Root: שוב (š-w-b); Form: Infinitive construct + second masculine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “your returning”; Notes: Refers to the eventual death of man.
- אֶל־ (ʾel-) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Preposition; Translation: “to”; Notes: Indicates the destination.
- הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה (hāʾăḏāmāh) – Root: אדמ (ʾ-d-m); Form: Noun, singular feminine with definite article ה; Translation: “the ground”; Notes: Refers to the earth from which man was formed.
- כִּ֥י (kī) – Root: כי (k-y); Form: Conjunction; Translation: “for”; Notes: Introduces the reason.
- מִמֶּ֖נָּה (mimmennāh) – Root: מן (m-n); Form: Preposition מִן־ + third feminine singular pronominal suffix; Translation: “from it”; Notes: Refers to the ground as man’s origin.
- לֻקָּ֑חְתָּ (luqqaḥtā) – Root: לקח (l-q-ḥ); Form: Qal passive perfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you were taken”; Notes: Describes man’s formation from the ground.
- כִּֽי־עָפָ֣ר (kī-ʿāp̄ār) – Root: עפר (ʿ-p̄-r); Form: Conjunction כִּי + noun, singular masculine; Translation: “for dust”; Notes: Establishes the origin of man’s body.
- אַ֔תָּה (ʾattāh) – Root: את (ʾ-t); Form: Pronoun, second masculine singular; Translation: “you”; Notes: Refers specifically to Adam or humanity.
- וְאֶל־ (wĕʾel-) – Root: אל (ʾ-l); Form: Conjunction וְ + preposition אֶל־; Translation: “and to”; Notes: Continues the destination statement.
- עָפָ֖ר (ʿāp̄ār) – Root: עפר (ʿ-p̄-r); Form: Noun, singular masculine; Translation: “dust”; Notes: Concludes the cycle of man’s life.
- תָּשֽׁוּב (tāšūḇ) – Root: שוב (š-w-b); Form: Qal imperfect, second masculine singular; Translation: “you shall return”; Notes: Refers to death and burial in the ground.
Critical Apparatus :
De Rossi Gen 3:19