Genesis 25:27

Gen. 25:27 [Samaritan Pentateuch]

ויגדלו הנערים ויהי עשו איש ידע ציד איש שדה ויעקב איש תם ישב אהלים

Gen. 25:27 [Masoretic Text]

וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וַיְהִ֣י עֵשָׂ֗ו אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ צַ֖יִד אִ֣ישׁ שָׂדֶ֑ה וְיַעֲקֹב֙ אִ֣ישׁ תָּ֔ם יֹשֵׁ֖ב אֹהָלִֽים׃

And the boys grew up, and ʿEsav became a man skilled in hunting, a man of the field, but Yaʿaqov was a quiet man, dwelling in tents.

Morphology

1. וַֽיִּגְדְּלוּ֙ (Vayigdelu) – Root: גדל (g-d-l); Form: Qal, wayyiqtol (past narrative), 3mp; Translation: “And they grew up”; Notes: Refers to Esav and Yaʿaqov reaching maturity.
2. הַנְּעָרִ֔ים (Ha-neʿarim) – Root: נער (n-ʿ-r); Form: Noun, mp with definite article; Translation: “The boys”; Notes: Refers to the twins, ʿEsav and Yaʿaqov.
3. וַיְהִ֣י (Vayehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Qal, wayyiqtol, 3ms; Translation: “And he became”; Notes: Describes Esav’s development into a specific type of person.
4. עֵשָׂ֗ו (Esav) – Root: עשׂה (ʿ-s-h); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “ʿEsav”; Notes: Refers to the firstborn twin.
5. אִ֛ישׁ (Ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Denotes Esav’s status as an adult male.
6. יֹדֵ֥עַ (Yodeaʿ) – Root: ידע (y-d-ʿ); Form: Qal, active participle, ms; Translation: “Skilled”; Notes: Describes Esav’s expertise.
7. צַ֖יִד (Tsayid) – Root: ציד (ts-y-d); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “In hunting”; Notes: Refers to Esav’s proficiency as a hunter.
8. אִ֣ישׁ (Ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Reiterates Esav’s character as an outdoorsman.
9. שָׂדֶ֑ה (Sadeh) – Root: שדה (s-d-h); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “Of the field”; Notes: Indicates Esav’s association with open, rural spaces.
10. וְיַעֲקֹב֙ (Veyaʿaqov) – Root: עקב (ʿ-q-v); Form: Proper noun; Translation: “But Yaʿaqov”; Notes: Refers to the second twin.
11. אִ֣ישׁ (Ish) – Root: איש (ʾ-y-sh); Form: Noun, ms; Translation: “A man”; Notes: Denotes Yaʿaqov’s character as a different kind of man.
12. תָּ֔ם (Tam) – Root: תם (t-m); Form: Adjective, ms; Translation: “Quiet”; Notes: Suggests Yaʿaqov’s character as being wholesome or reserved.
13. יֹשֵׁ֖ב (Yoshev) – Root: ישׁב (y-sh-v); Form: Qal, active participle, ms; Translation: “Dwelling”; Notes: Describes Yaʿaqov’s lifestyle.
14. אֹהָלִֽים (Ohalim) – Root: אהל (ʾ-h-l); Form: Noun, mp; Translation: “In tents”; Notes: Reflects Yaʿaqov’s domestic and pastoral lifestyle.