Genesis 1:14

ࠅࠉࠀࠌࠓ ࠀࠋࠄࠉࠌ ࠉࠄࠉ ࠌࠀࠅࠓࠅࠕ ࠁࠓࠒࠉࠏ ࠄࠔࠌࠉࠌ ࠋࠄࠀࠉࠓ ࠏࠋ ࠄࠀࠓࠑ ࠅࠋࠄࠁࠃࠉࠋ ࠁࠉࠍ ࠄࠉࠅࠌ ࠅࠁࠉࠍ ࠄࠋࠉࠋࠄ ࠅࠄࠉࠅ ࠋࠀࠕࠅࠕ ࠅࠋࠌࠅࠏࠃࠉࠌ ࠅࠋࠉࠌࠉࠌ ࠅࠔࠍࠉࠌ

Gen 1:14 [Samaritan Pentateuch]

ויאמר אלהים יהי מאורות ברקיע השמים להאיר על הארץ ולהבדיל בין היום ובין הלילה והיו לאתות ולמועדים ולימים ושנים׃

Gen 1:14 [Masoretic Text]

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַיֹּום וּבֵין הַלָּיְלָה וְהָיוּ לְאֹתֹת וּלְמֹועֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִֽים׃

Gen 1:14 [Samaritan Targum]

ואמר אלהה יהי נהירין בפלוק שומיה למנהרה על ארעה ולמפרק בין יומה ובין לילי ויונו לסימנין ולעדנין וליומים ושנק:

And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth and to separate between the day and between the night, and let them be for signs and for appointed times and for days and years.”

Morphology

1. וַיֹּ֣אמֶר (vayomer) – Root: אמר (ʾ-m-r); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms, with vav consecutive; Translation: “And he said”; Notes: Indicates divine speech.
2. אֱלֹהִ֗ים (ʾElohim) – Root: אלוה (ʾ-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “God”; Notes: Plural form with singular meaning, referring to the Creator.
3. יְהִ֤י (yehi) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3ms, Jussive; Translation: “Let there be”; Notes: A command form expressing the act of creation.
4. מְאֹרֹת֙ (me’orot) – Root: מאור (m-ʾ-w-r); Form: Noun, masculine plural; Translation: “lights”; Notes: Refers to luminous bodies in the heavens.
5. בִּרְקִ֣יעַ (birqiʿa) – Root: רקיע (r-q-ʿ); Form: Noun, masculine singular, with preposition; Translation: “in the expanse”; Notes: The firmament separating the waters.
6. הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (hashamayim) – Root: שמים (sh-m-y-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, definite; Translation: “the heavens”; Notes: Refers to the sky or the firmament above.
7. לְהַבְדִּ֕יל (le-havdil) – Root: בדל (b-d-l); Form: Verb, Hifil, Infinitive Construct, with preposition; Translation: “to separate”; Notes: Indicates the purpose of the lights in creating distinctions.
8. בֵּ֥ין (bein) – Root: בין (b-y-n); Form: Preposition; Translation: “between”; Notes: Marks distinction or separation.
9. הַיֹּ֖ום (hayom) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the day”; Notes: Refers to the daylight period.
10. וּבֵ֣ין (uvein) – Root: בין (b-y-n); Form: Preposition with conjunction; Translation: “and between”; Notes: Introduces the second item in the separation.
11. הַלָּ֑יְלָה (hallayla) – Root: לילה (l-y-l-h); Form: Noun, masculine singular, definite; Translation: “the night”; Notes: Refers to the period of darkness.
12. וְהָי֤וּ (vehayu) – Root: היה (h-y-h); Form: Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3cp, with vav consecutive; Translation: “and let them be”; Notes: Describes the purpose of the lights.
13. לְאֹתֹת֙ (le’otot) – Root: אות (ʾ-w-t); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with preposition; Translation: “for signs”; Notes: Refers to celestial markers for significant events.
14. וּלְמֹ֣ועֲדִ֔ים (ulmo’adim) – Root: מועד (m-ʿ-d); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and for appointed times”; Notes: Refers to designated seasons or festivals.
15. וּלְיָמִ֖ים (ulyamim) – Root: יום (y-w-m); Form: Noun, masculine plural, with conjunction and preposition; Translation: “and for days”; Notes: Designates the passage of time.
16. וְשָׁנִֽים (veshanim) – Root: שנה (sh-n-h); Form: Noun, feminine plural, with conjunction; Translation: “and years”; Notes: Refers to the larger divisions of time.

Critical Apparatus :

De Rossi Gen 1:14

* Witnesses for להאיר על הארץ : MS 776 of Kennicott, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan Targum (למנהרה על ארעה), Septuagint (εἰς φαῦσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς), Vetus Latina (ut luceant super terram)
Witnesses for omission of להאיר על הארץ : Peshitta, Targum Onkelos, Targum Jonathan, Targum Neofiti, Vulgate
* לאתות instead of לאתת (Masoretic) see לאתות in Isaiah 8:18.